This technique uses an automated and fully integrated scanning electron microscope, EDS x-ray microanalyzer with a light-element detector, and image analyzer. The technique determines the chemistry of random points on a sample. Data analysis programs classify the points into mineral definitions and calculate bulk chemistry and silicate viscosity distributions. Image collection and storage can be performed concurrently for later analysis. This technique is used mainly to determine the mineralogy of deposits or other solid materials and can be used to analyze fly ash. The sample is usually cross-sectioned by casting in epoxy, cutting with a precision diamond saw, and polishing.