This technique uses Bragg's Law to determine the type and relative amount of crystalline substances in a bulk sample. The instrument is equipped with a copper x-ray tube, theta-theta diffractometer, scanning position-sensitive detector (PSD), and computer database search/match capabilities. The sample must be ground to a powder.

X-Ray Diffraction-Heated-Stage Analysis
This technique uses a sealed sample chamber and a heated strip to observe real-time information regarding crystal structure, stresses, dynamic phase changes, and coefficients of expansion. The PSD permits instantaneous analysis of phase transitions or transformations. Sample chamber atmospheres can be air, vacuum, inert gas, or other custom gases. Temperatures can range from ambient to 1600°C.